Comparing lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries, we need to do it from the perspectives of weight energy density, volume energy density, service life, price, applicability, national policy, safety, and environmental protection:
1. Gravity energy density
The current energy density of lithium batteries is generally 200~260wh/g, and lead-acid is generally 50~70wh/g, so the weight energy density of lithium batteries is 3~5 times that of lead-acid, which means that under the same capacity, lead The acid battery is 3 to 5 times that of the lithium battery, so the lithium battery has an absolute advantage in the lightweight of the energy storage device.
2. Volumetric energy density
The volume capacity density of lithium batteries is usually about 1.5 times that of lead-acid batteries, so under the same capacity, the volume of lithium batteries is about 30% smaller than that of batteries.
3. Use cycle
At present, the more popular material systems are ternary and lithium iron. The cycle times of ternary power lithium batteries are usually more than 1000 times, the cycle times of lithium iron phosphate batteries are more than 2000 times, and the cycle times of batteries are usually only about 300 to 350 times. , so the service life of lithium batteries is about 3-6 times that of lead-acid batteries.
4. Price
At present, the price of lithium batteries is about 3 times more expensive than that of lead-acid batteries. However, combined with the analysis of service life and the same cost, the service life of lithium batteries is still longer.
5. Applicability
Because the safety of lithium batteries is slightly worse than that of lead-acid batteries, various safety precautions need to be taken in use, such as preventing damage to lithium batteries caused by external forces or accidents, because this may cause fire or explosion; The temperature suitability is also very good, so in other suitability, the lithium battery is not inferior to the lead-acid battery.
6. Use occasions
Lead-acid batteries: car starting, electric vehicle batteries,
Lithium batteries: mobile phones, computers, power tools, UPS power supplies, etc. are now also used in electric vehicle batteries.
7. Internal materials
The positive and negative electrodes of lead-acid batteries are lead oxide, metal lead, and the electrolyte is concentrated sulfuric acid.
The positive and negative electrodes of the lithium battery are lithium cobalt oxide/lithium iron phosphate/lithium manganate, graphite, and organic electrolyte.
8. Security
The safety of lithium batteries comes from the stability and reliable safety design of positive electrode materials. Lithium iron phosphate completely solves the hidden safety problems of lithium cobaltate and lithium manganate. Lead-acid batteries will explode under strong collision, while iron phosphate Lithium has undergone rigorous safety tests and will not explode even in violent collisions.
9. Environmental protection
LiFePO4 batteries do not contain any heavy metals and rare metals, are non-toxic, have no pollution in production and use, comply with European RoHS regulations, and are environmentally friendly batteries. However, there is a large amount of lead in lead-acid batteries. If they are disposed of improperly, they will still cause secondary pollution to the environment.
10. Operating temperature range
The operating temperature range of the lithium battery is -20-60°C, no air conditioning is required, and equipment installation costs, maintenance costs and electricity costs are reduced. The operating temperature range of lead-acid batteries is 15-35 °C.
11. Discharge characteristics
For the same fully charged lithium battery and storage battery, at the same temperature, using different rates of discharge current, the discharge output characteristics of lithium batteries are very stable, while the discharge output characteristics of batteries are very different, which will cause power instability.
Which is better, battery or lithium battery?
Lithium batteries are better. Lithium batteries are more than 3 times higher than lead-acid batteries in terms of volume specific energy or weight specific energy. Lithium batteries are smaller and lighter. Long cycle life. The battery is not efficient. The battery pack is bulky, resulting in a heavy body, short mileage, and the need for regular maintenance of the battery.